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Postcard History
Tony Crumbley
More Than a Film Star
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Josephine Baker
American-born French dancer, singer, resistance member and actress (1906–1975)
For other people named Josephine Baker, see Josephine Baker (disambiguation).
Josephine Baker | |
|---|---|
Baker in 1940 | |
| Born | Freda Josephine McDonald (1906-06-03)June 3, 1906 St. Louis, Missouri, US |
| Died | April 12, 1975(1975-04-12) (aged 68) Paris, France |
| Resting place | Panthéon |
| Nationality | American (renounced) French (1937–1975) |
| Occupation(s) | Vedette, singer, dancer, actress, civil rights activist, French Resistance agent |
| Years active | 1921–1975 |
| Spouses | Willie Wells (m. 1919; div. 1919)William Baker (m. 1921; div. 1925)Jean Lion (m. 1937; div. 1940)Jo Bouillon (m. 1947; div. 1961) |
| Partner(s) | Robert Brady (1973–1975) |
| Children | 12; Jean-Claude Baker presented himself as her foster son (contested by the Baker children[1][2]) |
| Musical career | |
| Genres | |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Labels | |
Musical artist | |
Freda Josephine Baker (née McDonald; June 3, 1906 – April 12
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Baker, Josephine 1906–1975
Singer, dancer, actress, civil rights activist
At a Glance…
Joined La Revue Nègre
Became a Star at the Folies-Bergères
Performed in the United States
Worked for French Resistance During World War II
The “Rainbow Tribe”
Sources
Josephine Baker is remembered principally as a spirited entertainer, the glamorous “Joséphine” who became the toast of France. But there was a great deal more to Josephine Baker than the banana skirt she wore in the Folies-Bergères or the leopard she walked along the streets of Paris. She was a great lover of life and of humanity, who devoted herself to making the world a more hospitable place and to securing a better future for its citizens.
She was born Josephine Carson on June 3, 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri, the first child of Eddie Carson, a drummer, and Carrie McDonald. Before Baker was a year old, her father left the family. Her mother later had three children with another man, Arthur Martin: Richard, Margaret, and Willie Mae. When Baker was eight, she began work as a live-in maid for white families. In 1918, she moved with her family from their apartment to a house. She became friends with the boy next door, in whose basement the neighborhood children p