Hippolyte taine biography
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Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (April 21, 1828 - March 5, 1893) was a French critic and historian. He was the chief theoretical influence of French naturalism, a major proponent of sociological positivism, and one of the first practitioners of historicist criticism. Taine is particularly remembered for his three-pronged approach to the contextual study of a work of art, based on the aspects of what he called race, milieu, and moment. In literature this approach expresses itself in the literary movement of historicism, of which Taine was a leading proponent. Historicism treats literature not as a disembodied work of art, but as the product of a specific historical and cultural context. This historicism was born of Taine's philosophical commitments. Taine was a thorough-going determinist, who embraced positivism.
Race, milieu, and moment
Taine argued that literature was largely the product of the author's environment, and that an analysis of that environment could yield a perfect understanding of the work of literature. In this sense he was a positivist (see Auguste Comte), though with important differences. Taine did not mean race in the specific sense now common, but rather the collective cultural dispositions that govern everyone without
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Hippolyte Taine
French critic, historian, and philosopher (1828–1893)
Hippolyte Adolphe Taine[a] (21 April 1828 – 5 March 1893) was a French historian, critic and philosopher. He was the chief theoretical influence on French naturalism, a major proponent of sociological positivism and one of the first practitioners of historicist criticism. Literary historicism as a critical movement has been said to originate with him.[1] Taine is also remembered for his attempts to provide a scientific account of literature.
Taine had a profound effect on French literature; Maurice Baring wrote in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica that "the tone which pervades the works of Zola, Bourget and Maupassant can be immediately attributed to the influence we call Taine's."[2] Out of the trauma of 1871, Taine has been said by one scholar to have "forged the architectural structure of modern French right-wing historiography."[3]
Early years
[edit]Taine was born in Vouziers[4] into a fairly prosperous Ardennes family. His father, a lawyer, his uncle, and his grandfather encouraged him to read eclectically and offered him art and music lessons.
In 1841, Taine, then aged 13, lost his father[2] and was sent to a boarding school in